Wednesday, 29 March 2017

Reflection on Malacca

Recommendation on improvement 


I'm typical Malaccian which had experience all the famous and "unfamous" destination in Malacca throughout these year. There is a lot of potential improvement needed in Malacca in order to attract more tourist Arrival. 

- Public Transport
Malacca does not provide any monorial or train service. The only public transport in Malacca is public bus which are still not well develop in term of the route and schedule. The public bus will not reach to all the tourist destination, it will only stop at one stop nearby and the tourist will need to find their own way to reach the final destination. 

One of the most widely use transportation by the foreign tourist is trishaw where it can bring you to have a tour at the famous destination in Malacca. As the high demanded of trishaw, it make the cost for trishaw expensive and the driver may event markup for the foreign tourist. 



- Traffic Jam 
The first weakness lead this point as the public transport are not well develop, most of the tourist prefer to drive in Malacca. As more tourist arrival during public holiday and weekend, most of the are driving from other state it causing the serious traffic jam in Malacca town. 

- Solutions 
From my personal opinion, the Malacca state government should improve their transportation service by adding more route on public bus. 
Also, some of the road in Malacca are not well develop and it take forever to repair the road. This may be one of the main issue that causing the traffic jam, try to increase the speed of repairing the road and avoiding to repair during peak hour. 


The Hidden Food in Malacca 


Tourist from others state tend to complain that our food are expensive at the Malacca city, why not you find a tour guide from Malacca (like me) to bring you to experience a different kind of Malacca. There are still a lot of hidden destination or restaurant in Malacca that provide cheap and nice food. 

Alai Ikan Bakar 

Instead of Portuguese Square, Alai Ikan Bakar provide variety types of fresh sea food that cooked in different way, the most important is it was cheap! We went there in group of 8 people which ordered up to 5 types of seafood and 10 types of cook(siakap x2, sotong x2, stingray x2, prawn x2) with countless of Nasi Lemak and water only cost us less than RM250.  
Click Here for location


picture source from Google 


Batu Berendam coconut shake 

Instead of the famous Klebang coconut shake, you can also try the Batu Berendam coconut shake that located at Batu Berendam near to Malacca Airport. You will be able to enjoy and cool and chill coconut drink or coconut shake at the hot weather with shorter queue compare with Klebang coconut shake. 
Click here for location


Malim 阿妹 Satay Celup  

(Amei Satay Celup) 

Instead of long queuing satay celup at downtown of Malacca. Why not try this satay celup that located at Malim Jaya which take 15 minutes drive from Malacca town. They provide variety types of choices on satay celup as well with a cheaper price. 


My personal reflection on Malacca 

I still love Malacca so much and proud to be a Malaccian, the food are nice the places are beautiful and the people are friendly. 


To travel to Malacca is definitely a good experience no matter you come with backpack or travel here. There are a lot of nice homestay or accomdation in Malacca that with affortable price. The transportation issue will never stop you to travel to Malacca as the taxi or grabcar are available around Malacca city.   

Tuesday, 28 March 2017

Personal Reflection & Conclusion for Seoul, South Korea

Seoul is an incredible city, brimming with mouth-watering food, exciting attractions and unforgettable shopping spots. The amount of things to do, see and eat in Seoul is endless, and unique experiences await you on every corner. This was my first time visitation to Seoul, South Korea and I highly recommend it as a travel destination. There are few reasons that I think Seoul, Korea is awesome.

Public transportation

Public transportation in Seoul is very convenient and affordable. You can get to pretty much every corner of Seoul only relying on subways and buses. Public transportation is also very safe in South Korea.

Nature

The major parks in Seoul are kept clean, and they’re very accessible, even with public transportation. Bukhan Mountain is a national park that can be climbed in less than a day for some of the best views of Seoul.

Food

The food is affordable for everyone, you can get lunch and dinner for 6,000 won (RM24). In addition, Korean food is very well-balanced with vegetables and meat in every meal. Living in South Korea will change your diet, and it’s probably for the better.

Internet

In South Korea, you’ll be spoiled by super-fast internet speeds. Bus, subway and high speed trains all have Wi-Fi. There are also many cafes that offer Wi-Fi for free or even latch on to the plethora of unprotected Wi-Fi spots.

Affordability

Living in South Korea can be very affordable for those looking to save money. If you get a job at there, many companies pay for your housing and that’s a huge money saver. A night of having karaoke session or watching a movie can be less than 10,000 won (RM40). Although Korea is one of the richest nations in the world, the prices are still very affordable for many.

Safety

Generally speaking, South Korea is a very safe place. Many people will leave their laptops, mobile phones and bags and go to the bathroom with complete faith that their stuff will be there when they come back. Also, women walking home alone past midnight are also a very common sight.

 Delivery in South Korea

The delivery culture in Korea has been around for a while, and it’s developed its own unique benefits. Also, delivery goes to places without addresses. For example, you can order delivery while having a picnic on the field and swimming pools. The delivery in South Korea is not limited to food. If you’re going to an important meeting but forgot your notes, you can have that delivered to you in less than an hour too.


8.       

Reference
  1. ‘South Korea’, Wikipedia, Wiki article, 12 March 2017, viewed 14 March 2017, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea>.
  2. Amanda Briney 2017, Ten Important Things to Know About the Country of South Korea, ThoughtCo, viewed 14 March 2017, <https://www.thoughtco.com/important-information-about-south-korea-1435520>.
  3. General Information about Seoul n.d., Korea Orbit, viewed 14 March 2017, <http://www.koreaorbit.com/korea-travel/seoul-south-korea/general-information-seoul.html>.
  4. Jae Hyun YOO & Daniel J Voellm 2016, South Korea Tourism Overview, HVS, viewed 14 March 2017, <https://hvs.com/article/7863-South-Korea-Overview-Focus-Seoul-Hotel-Market>.
  5. Miranda Zhang 2015, 12 Things You Must Try for Your First Seoul Winter, Trip Zilla, viewed 14 March 2017, <https://www.tripzilla.com/10-fun-things-first-winter-seoul/29689>.
  6. Tommy Ooi 2011, 15 Must Visit Seoul Attractions & Travel Guide, Tommy Ooi Travel Guide, viewed 14 March 2017, <http://www.tommyooi.com/seoul-attractions/>.
  7. Visit Seoul.Net, viewed 14 March 2017, <http://english.visitseoul.net/index>.


Things to do during winter in Seoul

Go Ice-Skating at Seoul Plaza (City Hall)


Outdoor ice-skating is one of the things you can only do in the winter. There are quite a few outdoor ice-skating rinks that are open around Seoul, e.g. Grand Hyatt in Itaewon and Olympic Park in Songpa-gu, but so far the one at Seoul Plaza (City Hall) seems to be the cheapest and easiest to get to. It costs 1,000 KRW per person for a one hour session, including the rental of a pair of skates. They have a smaller rink for kids and beginners. Helmets for children are also provided free of charge if needed.

Operating Hours: Mon-Thu: 10am-10pm, Fri-Sun: 10am-11pm (Including Public Holidays)

How to go?
Subway: City Hall Station (Line 1,2), Exit 5

Visit Namsan Seoul Tower


  
Namsan Seoul Tower was built in 1969 as Korea's first integrated transmission tower beaming television and radio broadcasts across the capital. Since opening to the public in 1980, it has become a much-loved Seoul landmark. The tower's main attractions include multi-coloured digital art projected onto the tower at night, a digital observatory, a roof terrace, the HanCook restaurant, the n.Grill restaurant, and the Haneul (Sky) Restroom. Namsan Seoul Tower's mountain surroundings on Namsan Mountain have made it a popular place to unwind for locals and tourists alike.

Seoul has a number of viewing platforms where visitors can enjoy the nighttime cityscape or gaze out onto the Hangang (River) but the tower's Digital Observatory is unique, offering an astonishing 360 degree panorama over the city, and 32 LCD screens recounting the 600-year history of Seoul. That is why the observatory is so popular and such a source of pride.


Situated on top of the N Plaza, the Roof Terrace is a spacious wooden viewing deck whose exotic atmosphere makes it very popular with lovers. A recent attraction for courting couples is "Locks of Love" thousands of padlocks attached to the fence by romantic Seoulites symbolizing their undying affection.

Observatory Hours (subject to change according to weather conditions):
Monday-Friday & Sunday 10:00-23:00, Saturdays 10:00-24:00

Observatory
- Tickets: Adult 10,000 won (RM40), Child 8,000 won (RM32)

How to go?
Subway:
  1.  Itaewon Station (subway line 6) exit 4, take bus No. 03 and get off at Namsan Seoul Tower
  2. Chungmuro Station (subway line 3, 4) exit 2, take bus No. 02 or 05 and get off at Namsan Seoul Tower
  3. Dongguk Univ. Station (subway line 3) exit 2, take bus No. 02 and get off at Namsan Seoul Tower


Be wow-ed by the LED Flower Garden Outside Dongdaemun Design Plaza
  



A gorgeous addition to the Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP), these 20,000 LED flowers glow as beautifully in the day as when night falls and gives the whole plaza a dreamy feel. Whether you go with your loved one, good friend, or just by yourself, it gives you an indescribable satisfaction to gaze at the seabed of roses.

Have Fried Chicken and Beer at Hongdae


Fried chicken and beer – The supper food made popular by Korean Dramas. The fried chicken went wonderfully with the beer! The beer was very light and refreshing to the taste – a great contrast to the oily fried chicken. The servings are rather large, so best to order one or two plates to share.

How to go?
Subway: Hongik University Station (Subway Line 2, Gyeongui-Jungang, AREX), Exit 9. Turn left, and go 500m straight towards Hongik University.

Warm up with Hot Korean Street Snacks


The wonderful thing about walking around Seoul in the winter is being able to stop anywhere and chew on all the wide array of delicious hot street snacks! Topokkii (spicy rice cakes), Odeng (Fish cake sticks dipped in soup), Gamja Hotdogs (French fry covered hot dogs) and Mat Tang (candied sweet potato)


Operating Hours: Most snack stalls close at around 10pm

Must Visit Seoul Attractions

Gyeongbokgung Palace

 Gyeongbokgung Palace was the first royal palace built by the Joseon Dynasty, three years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded. Built in 1395, Gyeongbokgung Palace was located at the heart of newly appointed capital of Seoul (then known as Hanyang) and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty. The largest of the Five Grand Palaces (the others being Gyeonghuigung Palace, Deoksugung Palace, Changgyeonggung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace), Gyeongbokgung served as the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty.

An effort by the Korean government has been ongoing since 1990 to rebuild and restore the buildings that were destroyed during the Japanese occupation. This 40-year restoration project aims to fully restore Gyeongbokgung Palace to its original form in the next twenty years. The palace also houses the National Palace Museum of Korea and the National Folk Museum of Korea.

Admission Fee:
Adults (ages 19-64) 3,000 won (RM12), Youths (ages 7-18) 1,500 won (RM6), Hanbok (free entry)

Operating Hours:
March to October 09:00-18:00, November to February 09:00-17:00, closed on Tuesday

How to go?
Subway: Go to Gyeongbokgung Station (Subway Line 3), exit 5 or Ganghwamun Station (Subway Line 5), exit 2 and walk 400 meters.

Bukchon Hanok Village

Bukchon Hanok Village is a village with the largest group of privately owned traditional Korean wooden homes or what they call hanok in Seoul.

During the Joseon Dynasty, when the surrounding palaces, Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung, were actually inhabited, the Bukchon area served as the residential quarters for the upper class, such as nobility and high-ranking government officials. Urbanization, naturally, harmed these neighbourhoods, as did the years of Japanese occupation and subsequent war.

In the years after the Korean War, Seoul's rapid modernization leads to the demolition of even more hanok houses. It wasn't until the 2000s that the Seoul Metropolitan Government created new policies to beautify and preserve what was left of the hanok houses.

The hanok houses themselves are works of art. The slope of the rooftops is just aesthetically pleasing, and all the intricate patterns on the walls, windows, and doors will keep any photo-happy tourist busy for hours.

Bukchon Hanok Village is a residential area so the tourists should be quite here

This is a main street and best photo spot in Bukchon Hanok Village. The street has a slight slope. Taking pictures in down and up has totally different view and feeling but both are awesome!

How to go?
Subway: Go to Anguk Station; 안국역 (Line No. 3) and come out exit No. 2. From Anguk Station to Donmi Yakguk; 돈미약국 (Donmi Pharmacy) is walking distance that around 500 meter (10 minutes)

Namsangol Hanok Village

Namsangol Hanok Village is a collection of five hanok (traditional Korean houses) from the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), recovered from different parts of the city and relocated to the northern foot of Namsan Mountain. The interiors of each of these five houses reflect owners from different walks of life, from the middle class to high government officials, noblemen and aristocrats.

At Namsangol Hanok Village, visitors can see the hanok of important figures from the Joseon era including the house of Queen Yun's parents, who was the Queen Consort to King Sunjong, the 27th king of the Joseon Dynasty; the jaesil (study) of Yun Taekyeong, King Sunjong's father-in-law; the house of Min Yeong-hui, a relative of Empress Myeongseong; the house of Lee Seungeop, who was in charge of constructing Gyeongbokgung Palace and the house of Kim Chunyeong, a military official of the Joseon Dynasty.

At the hanok village, international visitors can participate in traditional Korean activities such as archery and enjoy traditional Korean performances as well.

How to go?
Subway: Go to Chungmuro Station; 충무로역 (Line No. 3 & 4), then come out through exit No. 3.


Between two modern buildings, there is a Namsangol Hanok Village!


This is the entrance of Namsangol Hanok Village


While Bukchon Hanok Village open for 24/7, Namsangol Hanok Village has opening hours that April-October is 9:00 am-21:00 pm and November-March is 9:00 am-20:00 pm. Also every Tuesday is closed. There is no entrance fee same as Bukchon Hanok Village.


For the convenience of tourists, Namsangol Hanok Village offer free supply service that Pushchair, Wheelchair, Mobile charger and Audio guide devices for the blind.


Once you enter the Namsangol Hanok Village, there is a photo zone


The major difference between Bukchon Hanok Village and Namsangol Hanok Village is that Bukchon Hanok Village is residential area while Namsangol Hanok Village is re-creation of an old Hanok Village. Namsangol Hanok Village hold some Korean cultural activities such as act, play, dance and so on.

Interior design of Hanok

There is a playground that you can play Korean traditional games

Samcheong-dong

Samcheong-dong is Seoul's most stylish neighbourhood, located just past Gyeongbokgung (Palace)'s stone wall lined street. The name "Samcheong" is derived from the words "sam" meaning “three", and "cheong" meaning "fresh" or "pure", because the mountain, water and the heart of the people in this area are all very fresh and pure. Then it's not wonder why many artists have sought out Samcheong-dong over the years. Because of this, Samcheong-dong became known as an artistic area.

The area of Samcheong-dong is actually made up of several neighbourhoods: Anguk-dong, Sogyeok-dong, Hwa-dong, and Sagan-dong and ends at Samcheong Park. Samcheong-dong is dotted with various art museums, art galleries, restaurants, cafés, and shops; some are traditional, some are modern, but all are unique and colorful.

How to go?
Subway: From Anguk Station, exit 1 & turn right, walk straight till you see a stone wall on your right. Turn right and walk along the stone wall & you’ll reach Samcheong-dong in less than 10 mins.

Dongdaemun Market

Dongdaemun Market is a large commercial district comprised of traditional markets and shopping centers that covers the entire area around Dongdaemun Gate, a prominent landmark in Korea. It is Korea’s largest wholesale and retail shopping district featuring 26 shopping malls, 30,000 speciality shops, and 50,000 manufacturers. All kinds of goods can be found here including silks and fabric, clothes, shoes and accessories, electronics, leather goods, sporting goods, office supplies, pet products and toys.

Although Dongdaemun Market is traditionally famous for its night market, this popular shopping district attracts hordes of shoppers and tourists at all times of day. Like Namdaemun Market, Dongdaemun Market sells a variety of products, but unlike Namdaemun Market, it is open 24-hours a day. The powerful appeal of Dongdaemun Market stems from the fact that you can buy everything you need at a reasonable price, in one convenient location and at any time. Most major wholesalers and retailers are here along with specialist outlets focusing on the youth market, making Dongdaemun Market the best place to find the latest fashions at bargain prices. Dongdaemun’s famous food alley, Mukja Golmok, is also essential for anyone wanting to check out the latest trends in Korean cuisine.

In addition to selling everything under the sun, large shopping malls such as Good Morning City and Freya add an extra dimension to the shopping experience with their own multiplex cinemas, while Doota features a huge outdoor concert hall hosting a range of events including outdoor fashion shows, concerts, modelling contests and classical Korean music for tourists.

How to go?
Subway: Dongdaemun Station (subway line 4) exit 8, walk 5 min or Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station (subway line 4) exits 1, 14

Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP)
  


Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) selected as one of the "Top 52 Places to Visit in 2015" by the New York Times, it was the most Instagram tagged location in Korea in the year 2015. Also, it was included in the list of the top 5 most popular places according to Korean Facebook users in 2015 and the filming location for the SBS drama "You Who Came from the Stars", the KBS2 drama "Producer" and the MBC drama "She Was Pretty."

Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) is the newest and most iconic landmark of the Korean design industry. Located at the center of the Dongdaemun area, the DDP will serve as a key venue for design-related shows and conferences, exhibitions, and other events and gatherings. The Dongdaemun History & Culture Park is the newest park in downtown Seoul. The park gives a glimpse of how the area was once used as a military training ground during the Joseon dynasty. The park seamlessly extends onto the rooftop of DDP, making it a truly unique park in Korea.

Dongdaemun Design Plaza (DDP) designed by world renowned architect, Zaha Hadid, DDP is the world’s largest atypical architecture. The DDP is comprised of five halls: Art Hall, Museum, Design Lab, Design Market, and Dongdaemun History and Culture Park. The Design Lab serves as an incubator for rising Korean and international creative product designers. The Design Market is a multipurpose space that combines culture, experiences and shopping. This hall is open 24 hours a day to provide added convenience to visitors of Dongdaemun Market, the town that never sleeps.

How to go?
Subway: Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station (Seoul Subway Line 2, 4, 5) and Exit 1


Namdaemun Market


Namdaemun Market is the largest traditional market in Korea with over 10,000 stores that line the streets around Namdaemun (Gate), the main southern gate of the old city wall. Namdaemun Market first started under the reign of King Taejong (1367 – 1422, the third Joseon king) during the Joseon Dynasty (1392 – 1910), when the government built shops around Namdaemun and rented out the shops to traders. It boasts one of the largest distribution structures in Korea, providing local products, daily living essentials, food products, medical supplies and more to retailers and consumers across the country.

Due to the wholesale nature of the market, shoppers can comparison shop for the lowest prices on all sorts of goods. Namdaemun Market is also packed with interesting things to see and eat, making it a popular destination for both locals and international visitors alike. So whether you’re looking for traditional oriental medicine or imported drugs, traditional Korean food or imported snacks, hanbok attire or a Halloween costume, Namdaemun Market is the place to go.


Namdaemun Market is renowned for its vast size and the variety of goods it offers. With the exception of construction materials, the market sells nearly every item under the sun including clothing, food, living essentials, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Namdaemun Market is always bustling day and night. Retailers from all over the nation flock to the market at night and local consumers flock to the market during the day. Many tourists come during the day as well to experience the charm of a traditional Korean market. The market's success is largely due to its independent distribution system. Although the shops are small, most of them produce the goods they offer themselves, allowing for customers to purchase goods directly from the manufacturers at wholesale prices.

How to go?
Subway: Line4 Hoehyeon station, Exit 7 and walk 400 m.


Myeong-dong

Myeong-dong is Seoul’s shopping mecca and is a must-see for tourists, but it is not just a shopping destination; Myeong-dong is also a hub of commerce, banking and culture with a daytime population of 1.5-2 million. For shoppers there is a mixture of street stalls and retail outlets selling everything from high fashion to casual attire, as well as many Korean cosmetics stores offering high-quality products at competitive prices.


Myeong-dong is very popular with international visitors and fills with Japanese and Chinese tourists during the holiday period known as “Golden Week” which takes place in spring and is called golden week due to the week-long holiday period that takes place in Japan and China. Part of Myeong-dong’s popularity stems from relatively affordable prices here, especially compared to the other shopping meccas of Apgujeong-dong and Cheongdam-dong.

How to go?
Subway: Myeong-dong Station (subway line 4) exits 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Nami Island

 

From the month of November to January, Seoul will transform itself into a magical wonderland. Expect to see gorgeous winter sceneries everywhere you turn! Walk around and admire the beautiful winter scenery! This is something you can’t enjoy if you are in a tropical country! Be mesmerized and take lots of pictures! Especially in Nami island, where the filming for Winter Sonata was made.


Admission Fees 
General Rate: Adults 10,000 won 
Discounted Rate: 8,000 won
Special Rate: 4,000 won

* Discounted rate is applicable with proper identification to:
- Middle / High school students, Persons with a disability (Level 1-3), Seniors ages 70 years and older, Foreigners (passport)

* Special rate is applicable to:
- Babies (ages 3) to elementary school student, Groups of infants (under ages 3 years old)
- People purchasing late admission (Dec-Mar: Ticketing after 18:10 (visitors using the ferry at 18:30) / Apr-Nov: Ticketing after 19:10 (visitors using the ferry at 19:30)

* Admission fee includes a round-ferry ticket, usage fee, and additional tax. 

* Free admission
A guide of a travel agency with group visitors / Babies (under 36 months) when accompanied by parents 

How to go?

  1. Korea Subway: go to MTR Gyeongchun Chuncheon then go to Gapyeong station (28 min) (when you reach Gapyeong station, the fastest way to reach the Nami Island ticket office is by taxi, 5 min 3km about 5000 won, RM20)
  2. Shuttle Bus: Seoul Insa-dong/ Namdaemun to Nami Island Direct Shuttle Bus (9:30am go, 4pm back) (Adult 15000 won RM60, round trip/ 7500 won RM30, one way) (Child 13000 won RM52, round trip/ 6500 won RM26, one way)

Introduction to Seoul, South Korea


Seoul is located at the north-west corner of South-Korea, 50 km from the border of the De-Militarized-Zone (DMZ) with North-Korea. Toward the west is the neighbouring major port-city of Incheon, which is normally included in the Greater Seoul Area. Seoul itself covers an area of 600 km2, but Greater Seoul includes Incheon and numerous satellite cities. The city is surrounded by 8 mountains, with Namsan Mountain in the middle, and is split by the Han River, passing through the city and flowing into the Yellow Sea. The time zone is one hour earlier than Malaysia and the Korean currency is called Won, 1 Myr = 252.62 Korean won.

South Korea border with North Korea is at a ceasefire line which was established at the end of the Korean War in 1953 and corresponds roughly to the 38th parallel. The country has a long history that was dominated by either China or Japan until the end of World War II, at which time Korea was divided into North and South Korea. Today, South Korea is densely populated and its economy is growing as it is known for producing high-tech industrial goods. In 2004, South Korea opened a high speed rail line called Korea Train Express (KTX) which was based on the French TGV. The KTX runs from Seoul to Busan and Seoul to Mokpo and transports over 100,000 people daily.

Culture
1. Harmony
One of the enduring qualities of Korean culture is the desire to maintain harmony within the community and society as a whole. In Korean society you will find that the well-being of the community comes first. This shows in all facets of life from sharing food, respecting elders and traveling in groups. Enjoy the intimate friendships that flourish as a result of Korean community culture.
2. Food
Enjoying food and drink is a high priority in Korean culture. Be prepared to spend a lot of time eating and drinking in large groups. In fact, eating out in South Korea is often cheaper than cooking at home, which is easily noticed when walking by packed restaurants in Seoul. Meals consist of a large variety of food in small quantities, including rice, meat, seafood, soups, and an array of seasoned and pickled vegetables. Kimchi is a spicy, pickled vegetable integral to every Korean meal and it can come in the form of cabbage, radish, cucumbers and many other forms. Dive in and experience the spice of Korean life!
3. Festivals
The Lunar New Year, on the first day of Spring, and Thanksgiving (Chusok), before the Autumnal equinox, are the most important holidays in Korea. Every year these days change on the solar calendar but tend to fall around February and September respectively. Koreans travel to their hometowns and gather with their immediate and extended family members to celebrate these holidays. The Lunar New Year is a chance to celebrate renewal by cleaning your home, getting haircuts, and buying new clothes. For Chusok, the harvest celebration, Koreans pay respects to the spirits of their ancestors by cooking traditional food, visiting tombs, and performing rituals.

Population
Seoul is one of the most populated cities in the world. The Greater Seoul Area has almost 23 million inhabitants of which 10.3 million are residents of the Seoul city itself. Therefore, the Greater Seoul Area is the second most populated metropolitan area in the world, following only Greater Tokyo. Because of Seoul's relatively small area it is also one of the densest cities in the world.

Geography
South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea. The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes 33° and 39°N, and longitudes 124° and 130°E. Its total area is 100,032 square kilometres (38,622.57 sq mi). South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a south eastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River.

Weather
South Korea tends to have a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate, and is affected by the East Asian monsoon, with precipitation heavier in summer during a short rainy season called jangma, which begins end of June through the end of July. Winters can be extremely cold with the minimum temperature dropping below −20 °C (−4 °F) in the inland region of the country: in Seoul, the average January temperature range is −7 to 1 °C (19 to 34 °F), and the average August temperature range is 22 to 30 °C (72 to 86 °F). Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior. Summer can be uncomfortably hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F) in most parts of the country. South Korea has four distinct seasons; spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring usually lasts from late March to early May, summer from mid-May to early September, autumn from mid-September to early November, and winter from mid-November to mid-March. Rainfall is concentrated in the summer months of June through September. The southern coast is subject to late summer typhoons that bring strong winds, heavy rains and sometime floods.

Tourism
In 2012, 11.1 million foreign tourists visited South Korea, making it the 20th most visited country in the world, up from 8.5 million in 2010. Due to Hallyu, South Korea welcomed more than 12 million visitors in 2013 with 6 million tourists coming from China alone. With rising tourist prospects, especially from foreign countries outside of Asia, the South Korean government has set a target of attracting 20 million foreign tourists a year by 2017. Hallyu's positive effects of the nation's entertainment industry are not limited to within its culture industry, according to a study by the Hyundai Research Institute. The Hyundai Research Institute reported that the Korean Wave has a direct impact in encouraging direct foreign investment back into the country through demand for products, and the tourism industry. Among Asian countries, China was the most receptive, investing 1.4 billion in South Korea, with much of the investment within its service sector, a sevenfold increase from 2001. According to economist, Han Sang-Wan, shown an analysis that a 1 percent increase of exports of Korean cultural content pushes consumer goods exports up 0.083 percent while a 1 percent increase in Korean pop content exports to a country produces a 0.019 percent bump in tourism.

In 2005, South Korea recorded total international visitors of 6.0 million. The majority of international visitors were Japanese at 2.4 million which accounts approximately 40% of the total international visitor arrivals, followed by China and the US at 11% and 9%. While total international visitor arrivals increased in subsequent years, Japanese visitation levels decreased at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.5% between 2012 and 2015 due to an unfavorable exchange rate between the Korean Won and Japanese Yen. However, following the easing of visa restrictions for mainland Chinese, the Chinese market registered very strong growth, more than compensating for the decline in Japanese visitors further boosting the local tourism industry.


In May 2015, Korea experienced the outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which led to the death of 38 people and negatively impacted the Korean tourism industry. During the MERS outbreak, from June to August, South Korea recorded a significant drop in foreign visitors of 40%, compared to a 12.4% increase for the same period in 2014. July 2015, the worst of the three months, registered a 53.5% drop.

Due to the government support and promotion such as President Park visiting China for military parade commemorating the defeat of Japan after World World II and advancing the dates for the Korea Grand Sale, to October 2015, the decline in inbound tourism was reversed, reaching 3.65 Million visitors for the last quarter of 2015. From January to May 2016, Korea recorded a increase of 10.6%, while June to August registered an increase of 100.9% over 2015 and 20.6% over 2014, showing a healthy growth and full recovery.


Subway

In Seoul, you can visit most places by using the subway system, the second most used metro transportation system in the world. The subways usually run non-stop approximately from 5:30 am until midnight every day.  All the stations display signs both in Korean and English. When they do announcement for the next stops, it is also in Korean, Japanese and English.

There are 15 subway lines.  Each subway line has its own representative colour and name.  There are also maps placed throughout each subway station which makes it easier for traveling.

Line 1 - blue
This was the very first subway line. Seoul Station is at the very center of this line, and it extends all the way to Suwon, Incheon, Cheonan and other areas outside of Seoul.

Line 2 - green
This line goes in a loop and connects such popular stations as Hongik Univ., Shinchon, City Hall, Dongdaemun History and   Culture Park, Jamsil, Samseong and Gangnam.  It is frequently packed back-to-back.

Line 3 - orange
This line stretches all the way from Ilsan in Gyeonggi Province to the southern part of Seoul. On this line you’ll find Sinsa, Apgujeong, Express Bus Terminal, which are popular stops in the Gangnam area, as well as Anguk and Jongno 3-ga Stations, from which you can access the popular tourist neighborhood of Insadong.

Line 4 – sky blue
This line connects parts of northern and southern Seoul. One this line you’ll find Daehangno (Hwehya Station), Dongdaemun Market (Dongdaemun Station), Myeongdong, Namdaemun, and Seoul Station, which are all great tourist areas.

Line 5 - purple
This line connects Gimpo Airport to Seoul. You can connect to lines 1 and 3 at Jongno 3-ga Station.

Line 6 – brown
On this line you can find World Cup Stadium as well as Itaewon, a popular hangout for foreigners and great for shopping and eating a wide array of international food.

Line 7 – olive green
This line starts in Euijeongbu in northern Seoul and extends south to the Gangnam area. The high class Cheongdam area can be found off this line.

Line 8 - pink
This line connects southern Seoul to Seongnam. On this line you’ll find the famous Munjeong-dong shopping area (from Munjeong Station) neighborhood as well as Seoul’s biggest market, Nongsanmul Market, and Garak Market, which is a popular fish and agricultural market.

Line 9 - gold
This line was completed in July 2009. Aside from the all-stop local train, this line also has an express train, which can go from Gimpo Airport to the Gangnam area in just 30 minutes.

Bundang – yellow
This line links the Gangnam area to the residential area of Bundang. It starts at Seolleung Station in Gangnam and goes down to Yongin City in Gyeonggi Province.

Sinbundang - red 
This is Korea's very first driverless train line and connects Gangnam, Pangyo, and Jeongja. On this line you'll find Yangjae Citizen's Forest and Jeongja-dong's Cafe Street in Bundang.

Jungang - emerald
This line connects Yongsan Station in central Seoul to Yongmun Station in Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi Province.

Gyeongui - light emerald
This line extends from Seoul Station to Munsan Station, which is the closest station to the North Korean border. You can get off at Munsan Station, and tour the DMZ and visit Dorasan Station, which is actually on the Gyeongui line but is not used by civilians at this time.

Gyeongchun – seafoam green
This line was completed in December 2010. It connects with Line 7 at Sangbong Station and ends at Chuncheon Station in   Gangwon Province. On this line you’ll find Cheongpyeong, Gapyeong and Chuncheon.

 Airport Rail
This line connects Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport with downtown Seoul. Express trains operate from Incheon International Airport to Seoul Station in just under 50 minutes. All-stop trains stop at multiple stations around the city.

Subway fares are based on the distance travelled, but the shortest ride costs ₩1,250 which is RM5 (base charge with T-Money card) or ₩1,350 which is RM5.35 (single-ticket journey), plus card deposit ₩500 which is RM2 (refundable if you return the card at designated machines at each station). The base charge roughly covers up to 10km of the journey and ₩100 which is RM0.40 is added for every 5km beyond that. Single-ride cards can be purchased from vending machines ONLY. All vending machines accept coins and bills, up to ₩10,000 notes (and some ₩50,000 notes, but cash exchange machines are at each station). Hang onto your card until the end of your trip, as you'll need it to get out. Most of Seoul's automated card machines are equipped with touchscreen and full English support (along with Chinese and Japanese).

If planning on using the Metro extensively or staying for more than a few weeks, you should consider purchasing a T-Money stored value contact-less smart card. Cash can be charged onto the card as often as you like. When entering and leaving a subway turnstile, place the card on the reader and it will deduct the appropriate fare from the card. The same is true for the buses, but be aware that in the countryside only placing it once when entering may be sufficient. Using this card will allow you to save ₩100 on all trips, and it will account for transfers between bus, train and subway instead of charging a single trip for each type of transport - these are common with Seoul's extensive subway system. It also saves the hassle from figuring out how much you need to pay or waiting in line to buy a single-use ticket.

There are few ways that you can get into Seoul, Korea:




By plane (Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, Korean Air): 
  1. Incheon Airport (most visitors arrive here), located on Yeongjong Island
  2. Gimpo Airport (caters only to the shuttle services to Tokyo, Osaka, Taipei, Shanghai, Beijing and domestic flights within South Korea)


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